5 Weirdest Programming Languages That Are Difficult To Learn!!

1. Whitespace:-

Whitespace is a popular esoteric language, widely known for using only whitespace characters for source code.Whitespace was created in 2003 by Edwin Brady and Chris Morris.Whitespace was created it an attempt to fix the injustice done to whitespace characters.

Unlike most programming languages, which ignore or assign little meaning to most whitespace characters, the Whitespace interpreter ignores any non-whitespace characters.

2.Chef:-

Chef, designed by David Morgan-Mar in 2002, is an esoteric programming language in which programs look like cooking recipes. The variables tend to be named after basic foodstuffs, the stacks are called “mixing bowls” or “baking dishes” and the instructions for manipulating them “mix”, “stir”, etc. The ingredients in a mixing bowl or baking dish are ordered “like a stack of pancakes”.

3. Velato:-

Velato is a language which uses MIDI files as source code. Programs in Velato are defined by the pitch and order of notes. It is intended to allow for flexibility in composition, so functional programs will not necessarily sound like random notes. There is a tendency for Velato programs to have jazz-like harmonies. All statements in Velato begin with a “command root” note; intervals from this note are translated into commands and expressions. The command root can be changed between statements, to allow for more musical (or at least less repetitive) progressions.

4. Befunge:-

Befunge was invented in 1993, by Chris Pressey, with the goal of being as difficult to compile as possible. This was attempted with the implementation of self-modifying code (the ‘p’ instruction can write new instructions into the playfield) and a multi-dimensional playfield (the same instruction can be executed in four different directions). Nevertheless, a number of compilers have subsequently been written.

Befunge differs from conventional languages in that programs are arranged on a two-dimensional grid, the playfield. “Arrow” instructions – <, >, ^, and v – direct the control flow to the left, right, up or down

5.Malbolge:-

Malbolge, created by Ben Olmstead in 1998, and named after the eighth circle of Hell in Dante’s Inferno, is meant to be as difficult as possible to actually write programs in. It was so difficult to understand when it arrived that it took two years for the first Malbolge program to appear, and even this was not written by a human, but by a Lisp program using a beam search of the space of all possible programs.

In this the effect of any instruction depends on where it is located in memory (mod 94, of course), all instructions are self-modifying (according to a permutation table) and both the code and data pointers are incremented after every instruction, making it hard to re-use any code or data.